Milia, also called “milk spots”, are tiny spot-like cysts that appear under the skin. They are mostly the same color as your skin but can be yellowish or white.
The Science Behind Milia
Milia is not a type of acne although a lot of people mistake it for blemishes or pimples at first sight. Milia is a small collection of trapped keratin.
Keratin is a protein that strengthens nails, hair, and skin cells. Eventually, skin cells die off and shed within the pores. As this happens the keratin might collect and become trapped in the pore, forming a cyst.
They commonly appear around the eyes, cheeks, forehead, and genitals but can occur in other areas of the body too.
Fast facts on milia
- Milia are most often seen in newborns, affecting up to 50 percent of them. The condition can affect people of all ages, however.
- Milia tend to go away within 1 month of appearing on a baby’s skin.
- Milia can appear in some adults after an injury or taking certain medications.
- In older age groups, milia can appear similar to other skin conditions.
Diagnosis of Milia
If you contact a regular doctor, they may refer you to a dermatologist or skin specialist.
If milia appears close to the eyes, the doctor may require the expertise of an ophthalmologist to treat the cysts. However, if they are at a safe distance from the eye, the doctor can perform in-office treatments to remove them.
A dermatologist usually diagnoses milia by a visual examination. They may also check for underlying conditions if the milia is in a lot of places.
They may also investigate conditions that do not cause milia but can give a similar appearance, such as:
- sebaceous hyperplasia
- comedonal acne
- idiopathic calcinosis cutis
- flat warts
Causes of Milia
There is no specific cause of milia but in some individuals, it might be from trauma or a cosmetic procedure. Still, there is no clear reason for milia.
A 2016 study suggests that milia are particularly common in older women. Furthermore, milia is quite common in infants and toddlers.
Most people develop milia after trauma to the skin. Rarely, an individual might develop milia after using topical medications such as corticosteroids.
Treatment for Milia
Milia can clear up without treatment in a few weeks. Infants with milia no longer have it when they grow up.
There is no set standard treatment for milia. These bumps are not harmful, although many people have cosmetic concerns over them.
Your doctor may also suggest in-office treatment.
Most home treatments include gentle exfoliation or chemical peels. However, it is still important to contact a skin specialist before using these techniques, especially since the area around eyes is very sensitive.
Chemical Peels
Over-the-counter exfoliants are unlikely to remove milia under eyes. Therefore, dermatologists suggest chemicals peels.
Common active ingredients in chemical peels are:
- lactic acid
- glycolic acid
- salicylic acid
However, the area under the eyes should be treated with care because it is very delicate.
Always speak to your skin specialist before applying chemical peels.
Professional Treatments
Professional options include:
Milium Extraction
Milium extraction is a common procedure where specialists use a small needle or scalpel to get rid of the skin over the cyst.
When the pore is open, they can carefully remove the keratin out of it. After this procedure, patients should take necessary preventive measures to keep milia from coming back.
Laser ablation
In this procedure, the dermatologist focuses a tiny laser to open the millium.
Cryotherapy
Cryotherapy is a process in which liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and remove milia.
It is a worthwhile option in most cases but the area under the eyes is delicate, hence, this may not be the best option in this case. It can not only be extremely painful but may also cause scarring or pigmentation.
Preventive Measures
Some people are susceptible to milia others are not. Therefore, not all cases of it are preventable.
However, general preventive measures may include:
- A good skincare routine including exfoliation and proper cleansing
- Use of retinoids
- Avoiding stress or trauma to the skin
Skincare Routine
You can prevent milia by maintaining a consistent and gentle skincare routine. This includes using a gentle face wash to cleanse your face once or twice a day. Furthermore, ensure that you remove all makeup before going to bed. Also, avoid heavy creams and oily products that can clog pores.
Sun Protection
Protecting your skin from sun damage is crucial. Excessive sun exposure not only thickens the skin but also makes it more prone to developing milia.
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. Moreover, wear protective clothing and sunglasses to shield your skin from harmful UV rays.
Read more: Best Sunscreens for Face
Healthy Diet
The importance of a healthy diet in maintaining good skin cannot be denied. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals contributes to overall skin health.
Foods high in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables help maintain your skin’s natural barrier and reduce the risk of milia.
Also, drink plenty of water to make sure that your skin is always hydrated. The suggested normal intake is 2 liters of water per day.
Consultation with a Dermatologist
If you often experience milia or have ongoing issues with it, scheduling regular appointments with a dermatologist can be beneficial in managing and preventing future occurrences. Dermatologists have the expertise to offer personalized skincare suggestions and provide treatments designed specifically for your skin type and condition.
Avoid Picking or Squeezing Milia
Don’t pop or pick milia because it can cause irritation, infection, and scarring. If you don’t like how they look, it’s best to get help from a professional instead of trying to remove them on your own.
Conclusion
Remember this: While milia are typically harmless and tend to go away on their own, it’s important to understand their causes and available treatments to manage and prevent them effectively.
Keeping a gentle skincare routine, shielding your skin from sun damage, and seeking advice from a dermatologist are crucial steps to maintain healthy skin and reduce the risk of milia. If you’re worried about milia or other skin conditions, always consult with a qualified healthcare professional to ensure you get the best care for your skin.
